Strawman

A strawman fallacy is when someone misrepresents an argument to make it easier to attack.

Ad Hominem

An ad hominem fallacy is when someone attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself.

Appeal to Authority

An appeal to authority fallacy is when someone argues that a claim is true simply because an authority figure believes it to be true.

False Dilemma

A false dilemma fallacy is when someone presents a situation as having only two alternatives, when in fact more options exist.